Two in North Queensland - Lumholtz's Tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) and Bennett's Tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus bennettianus) - and at least eight other species in Papua New Guinea. Both Australian species are listed as 'rare' under Queensland's Nature Conservation Act. Both live in the rainforests of the Wet Tropics bioregion of North Queensland, Bennett's from about Cooktown south to the Daintree River, including the Mt Windsor Tableland, and Lumholtz's from the Daintree River south to the Herbert River gorge. They may overlap with each other on the Mt Carbine Tableland inland of Mossman. Bennett's Tree-kangaroo can be found on the coastal lowlands as well as the ranges, and extends along riparian strips into drier eucalypt forest. Lumholtz's Tree-kangaroo is rarely seen at sea level and its highest densities occur in rainforest on basalt soils of the Atherton Tablelands.

• Tree-kangaroos are leaf-eaters, and occasionally eat fruits or flowers.
• Habitat loss, vehicles and dogs are major threats to tree-kangaroos. Many are killed on the Atherton Tableland's roads each year. Forests on the Tablelands are already highly fragmented, and whilst some of the fragments currently support good populations of tree-kangaroos, the majority of their habitat is outside the protected World Heritage Area.
• Tree-kangaroos are mainly nocturnal, but do also move around during the day.
• They are usually solitary, but young can remain with their mother for up to two years.
• Females give birth to one young at a time.
• Dendrolagus (part of their scientific name) means 'tree-hare'.
• Tree-kangaroos are thought to have evolved from other kangaroos, which in turn evolved from possum-like creatures. As to why tree-kangaroos decided to return to the trees like their possum-ancestors, no one knows!
• Tree-kangaroos have some distinct body characteristics which enable them to live in trees, unlike their ground-dwelling kangaroo-cousins. These include: their exceptionally long tail used for balance; stronger forelimbs, shorter and broader hind feet, longer curved claws on all feet and spongy soles to the feet, features that help with balancing, climbing and gripping. The teeth are adapted for a 'shearing' leaves rather than 'grinding' grass.
• Tree-kangaroos are also the only macropod able to move their hind feet independently of each other, i.e. they can 'walk' as well as 'hop'! Look for them doing this along branches.